� Paper Trader - User Guide
📄 Paper Trader - User Guide
Version: 1.0
Last Updated: 10 Dec 2025
Audience: All Flytradr users
Difficulty: Advanced
📋 Table of Contents
- Overview
- Quick Start
- Interface Overview
- Strategy Selection
- Market Selection
- Test Settings
- Execution Realism
- Starting Paper Trading
- Understanding Warmup
- Live Portfolio Monitoring
- Placing Manual Orders
- Runner Telemetry
- Session Controls
- Results Analysis
- Templates
- Tips & Best Practices
- FAQ
- Related Guides
1. Overview
🎯 What is Paper Trading?
Paper Trading is the final validation step before going live. Unlike backtesting (historical data) or simulation (replayed data), paper trading connects to live market data and executes your strategy in real-time—without risking real capital.
Screenshot: [Diagram placeholder #1 - Add relevant screenshot here]
✨ Key Features
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| 📡 Live Data Feed | Real-time market data from live exchanges |
| 🤖 Automated Execution | Strategy runs and trades automatically |
| 🖐️ Manual Orders | Place orders manually during session |
| 🔥 Warmup Period | Loads indicator history before trading |
| 🎲 Execution Realism | Latency, market impact, partial fills |
| 📊 Live Telemetry | Monitor runner health, latency, drops |
| 🔒 Bank-Grade Security | CSRF protection, encrypted sessions |
| 💾 Session Persistence | Resume sessions after disconnection |
🔄 Paper Trading vs Other Tools
| Feature | Backtesting | Simulator | Paper Trading |
|---|---|---|---|
| Data Source | Historical | Historical (replayed) | Live Market |
| Speed | Instant | Configurable | Real-Time |
| Execution | Idealized | Configurable realism | Realistic |
| Manual Orders | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
| Duration | Seconds | Minutes-Hours | Hours-Days-Weeks |
| Capital Risk | None | None | None (Virtual) |
| Use Case | Rapid iteration | Stress testing | Pre-live validation |
📈 The Trading Pipeline
Screenshot: [Diagram placeholder #2 - Add relevant screenshot here]
2. Quick Start
🚀 5-Step Launch Guide
Screenshot: [Diagram placeholder #3 - Add relevant screenshot here]
- Navigate: 🏠 Dashboard → 📊 Platform → 📄 Paper Trader
- Select Strategy: Load from Strategy Builder or library
- Choose Market: Pick provider, symbol, timeframe
- Configure Settings: Set capital, commission, rules
- Click Start: Wait for warmup, then watch live trading!
📸 [Screenshot placeholder: Paper Trader main interface]
3. Interface Overview
🖼️ Four-Panel Layout
Screenshot: [Diagram placeholder #4 - Add relevant screenshot here]
│ │ ┌─────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ │ TRADE LIST │ │ └──────────────────────┴──┴─────────────────────────────────────┴─┘
### 🎛️ Sidebar Controls
| Section | Purpose |
| --------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
| **Strategy** | Load strategy from library or Strategy Builder |
| **Market** | Select data provider, symbol, interval |
| **Test Settings** | Configure capital, commission, slippage, rules |
| **Execution Realism** | Model latency, market impact, partial fills |
| **Actions** | Start, pause, stop, save, export |
| **Templates** | Save/load configurations |
### 📊 Main Content Panels
| Panel | Content |
| ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
| **Runner Telemetry** | Warmup status, execution latency, drop count |
| **Status Banner** | Current state (idle, warmup, running, paused) |
| **Session Timer** | Duration of current trading session |
| **Portfolio Stats** | Live equity, P&L, positions, cash |
| **Live Execution** | Open positions, pending orders, recent fills |
| **Equity Curve** | Live-updating performance chart |
| **Trade List** | All executed trades with details |
| **Performance Charts** | Drawdown, monthly returns, win/loss distribution |
---
## 4. Strategy Selection
### 📋 Loading Your Strategy
Click the **Strategy** section to select a strategy:
*Screenshot: [Diagram placeholder #5 - Add relevant screenshot here]*`
### ✅ Strategy Requirements
| Requirement | Description |
| --------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| **Valid DSL** | Strategy must compile without errors |
| **Entry Rules** | At least one entry condition |
| **Exit Rules** | At least one exit condition |
| **Tested** | Should pass backtesting and simulation first |
⚠️ **Important**: Paper trading is the final step. Always backtest and simulate your strategy first!
### 📊 Warmup Requirements
Each strategy has a warmup period based on its indicators:
| Indicator | Warmup Period |
| ------------- | ------------- |
| SMA(50) | 50 candles |
| SMA(200) | 200 candles |
| RSI(14) | 14 candles |
| MACD(12,26,9) | 35 candles |
| Bollinger(20) | 20 candles |
The system automatically calculates the maximum warmup needed.
---
## 5. Market Selection
### 📈 Choosing Your Market
```
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ 📈 Market [▼] │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ Provider │
│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ [Dropdown] Binance ▼ │ │
│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
│ Symbol │
│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ [Search] BTCUSDT 🔍 │ │
│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
│ Timeframe │
│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ [Dropdown] 5m ▼ │ │
│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ 📡 Live Data: Connected │ │
│ │ Last Price: $43,250.00 | Change: +1.2% │ │
│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
### 🌐 Available Data Providers
| Provider | Markets | Data Type | Status |
| ----------------- | ------------------------- | -------------- | --------- |
| **Binance** | Crypto (500+ pairs) | Live streaming | ✅ Active |
| **TwelveData** | US/Global Equities, Forex | Live polling | ✅ Active |
| **Flytradr Demo** | Sample data | Simulated | ✅ Active |
### ⏱️ Recommended Timeframes
| Timeframe | Best For | Update Frequency |
| --------- | ------------------------ | ---------------- |
| **1m** | Scalping, high-frequency | Every minute |
| **5m** | Day trading | Every 5 minutes |
| **15m** | Intraday swing | Every 15 minutes |
| **1h** | Swing trading | Every hour |
| **4h** | Position trading | Every 4 hours |
| **1d** | Long-term | Daily |
💡 **Tip**: For paper trading, use the same timeframe you plan to use in live trading.
---
## 6. Test Settings
### ⚙️ Core Configuration
*Screenshot: [Diagram placeholder #6 - Add relevant screenshot here]*
### 💰 Capital Recommendations
| Account Type | Recommended Capital | Why |
| ---------------- | ------------------- | -------------------------- |
| **Beginner** | $10,000 - $25,000 | Realistic starting capital |
| **Intermediate** | $50,000 - $100,000 | More trading opportunities |
| **Advanced** | $100,000+ | Full position sizing |
### 📏 Position Sizing Options
| Method | Description | Use Case |
| ----------------------- | ------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| **Fixed $ Amount** | Same dollar amount per trade | Simple approach |
| **Fixed % of Equity** | Percentage of current portfolio | Scales with growth |
| **Risk-Based (% Risk)** | Based on stop-loss distance | Professional approach |
| **Kelly Criterion** | Optimal sizing formula | Advanced |
### 🔢 Trading Rules
| Rule | Description | Recommendation |
| -------------------- | ---------------------------- | ------------------- |
| **Max Positions** | Maximum concurrent positions | 1-5 for beginners |
| **Allow Shorting** | Enable short selling | Match your strategy |
| **Max Daily Trades** | Limit trades per day | Prevent overtrading |
---
## 7. Execution Realism
### 🎲 Modeling Real-World Conditions
Paper trading includes execution realism to prepare you for live trading:
```
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ 🎲 Execution Realism [▼] │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ ⚡ Network Latency [ON] │ │
│ │ Min: 50ms | Max: 150ms | Jitter: ON │ │
│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ 📊 Order Book & Liquidity [ON] │ │
│ │ Liquidity Threshold: 1% │ │
│ │ Partial Fills: ON (min 50%) │ │
│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ 📈 Market Impact [ON] │ │
│ │ Model: Square Root | Coeff: 10 bps │ │
│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ 📉 Dynamic Slippage [ON] │ │
│ │ Volatility Multiplier: 1.5x │ │
│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
│ 💡 These settings make paper trading more │
│ realistic, preparing you for live trading. │
│ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
### ⚡ Network Latency
Models the delay between your order and execution:
| Setting | Description | Typical Values |
| --------------- | ---------------- | -------------- |
| **Min Latency** | Best-case delay | 10-50ms |
| **Max Latency** | Worst-case delay | 100-500ms |
| **Jitter** | Random variation | On/Off |
💡 **Retail traders typically see 50-200ms latency.**
### 📊 Order Book & Liquidity
Models market depth:
| Setting | Description |
| ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------- |
| **Liquidity Threshold** | Orders > X% of daily volume may be rejected |
| **Partial Fills** | Large orders may fill in parts |
| **Min Fill %** | Minimum portion that must fill |
### 📈 Market Impact
Large orders move prices:
| Model | Description |
| --------------- | --------------------------------------- |
| **Linear** | Impact proportional to order size |
| **Square Root** | More realistic (institutional standard) |
### 📉 Dynamic Slippage
Slippage increases during volatile periods:
```
Actual Slippage = Base Slippage × Volatility × Multiplier
```
---
## 8. Starting Paper Trading
### ▶️ Launch Sequence
When you click **Start**, the following happens:
*Screenshot: [Diagram placeholder #7 - Add relevant screenshot here]*
### 📊 Status Flow
*Screenshot: [Diagram placeholder #8 - Add relevant screenshot here]*
### 🎨 Status Indicators
| Status | Color | Description |
| ------------------ | ------ | ---------------------- |
| ⬤ **Idle** | Gray | Ready to start |
| ⬤ **Initializing** | Blue | Creating session |
| ⬤ **Warmup** | Orange | Loading indicator data |
| ⬤ **Running** | Green | Actively trading |
| ⬤ **Paused** | Yellow | Temporarily stopped |
| ⬤ **Stopped** | Gray | Session ended |
---
## 9. Understanding Warmup
### 🔥 What is Warmup?
Before trading starts, indicators need historical data to calculate. This is the **warmup period**.
```
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ 🔥 WARMUP IN PROGRESS │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ ▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓░░░░░░░░░░░░ 65% │
│ │
│ Loading indicator history... │
│ SMA(200): 130/200 candles loaded │
│ RSI(14): 14/14 candles loaded ✅ │
│ │
│ ⚠️ Orders cannot be placed during warmup │
│ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
### ⏱️ Warmup Duration
| Timeframe | 50 Candles | 200 Candles |
| --------- | ----------- | ----------- |
| **1m** | ~50 minutes | ~3.3 hours |
| **5m** | ~4 hours | ~16 hours |
| **15m** | ~12 hours | ~2 days |
| **1h** | ~2 days | ~8 days |
| **1d** | ~50 days | ~200 days |
### ⚠️ During Warmup
| Action | Allowed? |
| --------------- | ----------------------------- |
| Place orders | ❌ No (returns 425 Too Early) |
| View status | ✅ Yes |
| Cancel session | ✅ Yes |
| Modify settings | ❌ No |
💡 **Tip**: Choose timeframes wisely. 5m charts need hours of warmup, while 1d charts need months of historical data.
---
## 10. Live Portfolio Monitoring
### 📊 Real-Time Portfolio Stats
*Screenshot: [Diagram placeholder #9 - Add relevant screenshot here]*
### 📈 Live Positions Panel
*Screenshot: [Diagram placeholder #10 - Add relevant screenshot here]*
### 📋 Pending Orders
*Screenshot: [Diagram placeholder #11 - Add relevant screenshot here]*
### 📡 Live Market Quotes
```
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ 📡 Market Quotes (Live) │
├────────────────┬───────────────┬───────────────┬──────────────┤
│ Symbol │ Bid │ Ask │ Last │
├────────────────┼───────────────┼───────────────┼──────────────┤
│ BTCUSDT │ $43,275.50 │ $43,276.00 │ $43,275.80 │
│ Last Update: 2 seconds ago │
└────────────────┴───────────────┴───────────────┴──────────────┘
```
---
## 11. Placing Manual Orders
### 🖐️ Manual Order Entry
During a live session, you can place orders manually:
```
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ 🖐️ Place Manual Order │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ Symbol: BTCUSDT │
│ │
│ Order Type │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ ○ Market ○ Limit ○ Stop-Loss ○ Take-Profit │ │
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
│ Side │
│ ┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐ │
│ │ 🟢 BUY │ │ 🔴 SELL │ │
│ └─────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘ │
│ │
│ Quantity │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ 0.1 BTC │ │
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ [ PLACE ORDER ] │ │
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
### 📝 Order Types
| Type | Description | Use Case |
| --------------- | ----------------------------------- | ---------------- |
| **Market** | Execute immediately at best price | Quick entry/exit |
| **Limit** | Execute at specific price or better | Precise entry |
| **Stop-Loss** | Exit if price drops below level | Risk management |
| **Take-Profit** | Exit if price rises above level | Lock in profits |
### 🔒 Order Security
Every order is protected by:
| Security Layer | Description |
| ------------------ | -------------------------------------- |
| **Session Cookie** | httpOnly, not accessible to JavaScript |
| **CSRF Token** | Prevents cross-site request forgery |
| **Timestamp** | Must be within 5-minute window |
| **Nonce** | Prevents replay attacks |
⚠️ **Orders are blocked during warmup** (HTTP 425 Too Early)
---
## 12. Runner Telemetry
### 🖥️ Monitoring Runner Health
The runner telemetry panel shows real-time diagnostics:
```
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ 🖥️ Runner Telemetry │
├──────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────────┤
│ 🔥 Warmup │ ⚡ Latency │ 📉 Drops │ 🔄 Cooldown │
│ Complete ✅ │ 45ms avg │ 0 │ None │
└──────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────────┘
```
### 📊 Telemetry Metrics
| Metric | Description | Healthy Range |
| ------------ | --------------------------------- | ------------- |
| **Warmup** | Indicator initialization status | ✅ Complete |
| **Latency** | Order execution delay | < 100ms |
| **Drops** | Orders dropped due to liquidity | 0 |
| **Cooldown** | Time after restart before trading | None |
### ⚠️ Warning Signs
| Indicator | Warning | Action |
| ----------------------- | ------------------ | ------------------------- |
| 🔥 Warmup still loading | Not trading yet | Wait for completion |
| ⚡ Latency > 500ms | Slow execution | Check network |
| 📉 Drops > 0 | Orders rejected | Review liquidity settings |
| 🔄 Cooldown active | Recently restarted | Wait for cooldown |
### 🔄 Restart Cooldown
If the runner crashes and restarts, a cooldown prevents thrashing:
```
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ⚠️ RESTART COOLDOWN ACTIVE │
│ │
│ Runner restarted after an error. Trading will resume in: │
│ │
│ ⏱️ 2:45 │
│ │
│ This prevents rapid restart loops and protects your capital. │
│ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
---
## 13. Session Controls
### ⏯️ Controlling Your Session
| Button | Action | Effect |
| ------------- | ------------------ | ---------------------------------- |
| ▶️ **Start** | Begin trading | Creates session, starts runner |
| ⏸️ **Pause** | Pause trading | Stops new trades, holds positions |
| ▶️ **Resume** | Resume trading | Continues from pause |
| ⏹️ **Stop** | End session | Closes all positions, ends session |
| 💾 **Save** | Save configuration | Saves settings as template |
| 📥 **Export** | Export trades | Downloads CSV file |
### ⏸️ Pause vs Stop
| Action | Positions | Orders | Can Resume? |
| --------- | --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| **Pause** | Held open | Cancelled | ✅ Yes |
| **Stop** | Closed | Cancelled | ❌ No (new session needed) |
### ⏱️ Session Timer
```
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ⏱️ Session Duration: 02:45:32 │
│ Started: 10 Dec 2025, 09:15:00 IST │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
---
## 14. Results Analysis
### 📊 Performance Summary
After trading, review your results:
```
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ 📊 Performance Summary │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ Return: +5.4% │ Max Drawdown: -3.2% │ │
│ │ Sharpe: 1.85 │ Sortino: 2.15 │ │
│ │ Win Rate: 61% │ Profit Factor: 1.72 │ │
│ │ Total Trades: 23 │ Avg Trade: +$23.58 │ │
│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
### 📈 Key Metrics
| Metric | Description | Good Value |
| ----------------- | ---------------------------- | ---------- |
| **Return** | Total profit/loss | Positive |
| **Sharpe Ratio** | Risk-adjusted return | > 1.0 |
| **Max Drawdown** | Largest peak-to-trough loss | < 10% |
| **Win Rate** | Percentage of winning trades | > 50% |
| **Profit Factor** | Gross profit / gross loss | > 1.5 |
| **Avg Trade** | Average profit per trade | Positive |
### 📈 Available Charts
| Chart | Shows |
| ------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
| **Equity Curve** | Portfolio value over time (live updating) |
| **Drawdown Chart** | Peak-to-trough losses |
| **Win/Loss Distribution** | Trade outcome histogram |
| **Monthly Returns** | Calendar heatmap |
### 💾 Exporting Results
Click **Export** to download:
| Format | Contents |
| -------- | ---------------------------------- |
| **CSV** | All trades, timestamps, P&L |
| **JSON** | Full session data including config |
---
## 15. Templates
### 💾 Saving Configuration Templates
Save your paper trading setup for reuse:
```
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ 💾 Templates │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ [Save Current Config] │
│ │
│ Saved Templates: │
│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ 📁 "BTC Day Trading" [Load] [Delete] │ │
│ │ BTCUSDT 5m | $10k | Full realism │ │
│ ├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ │
│ │ 📁 "Conservative Swing" [Load] [Delete] │ │
│ │ ETHUSDT 1h | $25k | Reduced leverage │ │
│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
### 📝 What Templates Include
| Component | Saved |
| ------------------ | ----- |
| Strategy Reference | ✅ |
| Market Selection | ✅ |
| Test Settings | ✅ |
| Execution Realism | ✅ |
---
## 16. Tips & Best Practices
### 💡 Pro Tips
1. **Match Your Live Trading Plan**
- Use same capital, same timeframe, same rules
- Paper trading should mirror your real approach
2. **Run for Meaningful Duration**
- At least 1-2 weeks for day trading strategies
- At least 1-3 months for swing trading strategies
3. **Track Everything**
- Export daily/weekly results
- Keep a trading journal alongside
4. **Test During Different Conditions**
- High volatility (news events)
- Low volatility (weekends, holidays)
- Trending and ranging markets
5. **Use Realistic Realism Settings**
- Enable latency (50-200ms)
- Enable slippage (0.01-0.1%)
- Enable market impact for large positions
### ⚠️ Common Mistakes to Avoid
| Mistake | Problem | Solution |
| ---------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| Skipping warmup | Strategy doesn't have indicator history | Wait for warmup to complete |
| Ignoring realism | Results too optimistic | Enable all realism settings |
| Too short duration | Statistically insignificant | Run for weeks, not hours |
| Different settings than live | Can't compare results | Match exactly |
| Ignoring drawdowns | Unrealistic expectations | Pay attention to max drawdown |
| Over-optimizing | Curve fitting | Accept reasonable performance |
### 🎯 Success Criteria
Before going live, ensure:
| Criteria | Target | Your Result |
| ---------------------- | ---------------- | ----------- |
| Win Rate | > 50% | \_\_\_ |
| Profit Factor | > 1.5 | \_\_\_ |
| Max Drawdown | < 10% of capital | \_\_\_ |
| Sharpe Ratio | > 1.0 | \_\_\_ |
| Paper Trading Duration | > 2 weeks | \_\_\_ |
| Emotional Control | Comfortable | \_\_\_ |
---
## 17. FAQ
### ❓ Frequently Asked Questions
**Q: How long should I paper trade before going live?**
A: At least 2 weeks for day trading, 1-3 months for swing trading. You want to see multiple market conditions.
**Q: Why can't I place orders during warmup?**
A: Indicators need historical data to calculate. Trading during warmup could produce incorrect signals.
**Q: Can I run multiple paper trading sessions?**
A: Currently limited to one session per user. Stop one before starting another.
**Q: What happens if I close my browser?**
A: The session continues on the server. When you reconnect, you'll see updated results.
**Q: Why are my paper trading results different from backtesting?**
A: Paper trading uses live data and execution realism. Results should be slightly worse than idealized backtesting.
**Q: How do I know my strategy is ready for live trading?**
A: Consistent profitability over 2+ weeks, acceptable drawdowns, and emotional comfort with the trades.
**Q: Can I modify my strategy during paper trading?**
A: No. Stop the session, modify in Strategy Builder, then start a new session.
**Q: What data providers work with paper trading?**
A: Binance (crypto), TwelveData (stocks/forex), and our demo provider.
---
## 18. Related Guides
### 📚 Continue Learning
| Guide | Description |
| -------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- |
| 📋 [Strategy Builder Guide](./STRATEGY_BUILDER_GUIDE.md) | Create and configure strategies |
| 🧪 [Backtesting Lab Guide](./BACKTESTING_LAB_GUIDE.md) | Quick historical validation |
| 🎮 [Simulator Guide](./SIMULATOR_GUIDE.md) | Stress testing with scenarios |
| 📊 [Dashboard Guide](./DASHBOARD_GUIDE.md) | Platform navigation |
### 🔧 Developer Documentation
- [Paper Trader Developer SOP](../developer/PAPER_TRADER_SOP.md) - Technical implementation details
---
## 🆘 Need Help?
- **📧 Email**: support@flytradr.com
- **💬 Chat**: In-app support widget
- **📖 Docs**: Full documentation at docs.flytradr.com
---
_Last updated: December 10, 2025_
_Version: 1.0_